PTSD and Complex PTSD Explained
A client handout comparing PTSD and complex PTSD, describing core and additional symptoms, why they develop and what helps, with reflection space.
1-page fillable PDF · US Letter (prints on A4) · Psychoeducation
- Approach / concern
- Trauma & PTSD
- Technique
- Psychoeducation
- Format
- Fillable PDF, 1 page (US Letter / A4)
- Access
- Pro and Advanced plans (3-day free trial)
- For
- Licensed clinicians to use with clients
- Updated
- October 2026
Key facts
What is the PTSD and Complex PTSD Explained?
ICD-11 includes complex PTSD, defined by core PTSD symptoms plus disturbances in self-organization: affect dysregulation, negative self-concept and relational difficulties. It typically follows prolonged or repeated trauma.
Why it works
ICD-11 proposals introduced CPTSD as distinct from PTSD (Maercker et al., 2013). Modular, phase-based approaches are recommended for treating CPTSD (Karatzias & Cloitre, 2019).
When to use it
- Complex trauma histories
- Clients identifying with CPTSD online
- Treatment planning
- Family education
How to use it in session
- Explain core PTSD symptoms.
- Describe the additional CPTSD features.
- Frame symptoms as adaptations.
- Explore what fits.
- Discuss treatment options.
Clinician tips
- Validate without diagnosing via handout.
- Note DSM-5 doesn’t include CPTSD as a separate diagnosis.
- Emphasize hope and treatability.
Worked example
Sharing with clients
Members can download the PDF to print or email, or copy a private client link from the download box. Your client opens the link and downloads the worksheet on any device. No client account is needed, and nothing your client writes is stored on TherapyAid.
Frequently asked questions
Is complex PTSD a real diagnosis?
Yes. It’s recognized in the WHO’s ICD-11, though not as a separate diagnosis in the DSM-5.
Can complex PTSD get better?
Yes. Many people improve with stabilization, skills and trauma-focused therapy.
References
Maercker, A., Brewin, C. R., Bryant, R. A., Cloitre, M., van Ommeren, M., Jones, L. M., et al. (2013). Diagnosis and classification of disorders specifically associated with stress: Proposals for ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 12(3), 198-206.
Karatzias, T., & Cloitre, M. (2019). Treating adults with complex posttraumatic stress disorder using a modular approach to treatment: Rationale, evidence, and directions for future research. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 32(6), 870-876.
This worksheet is an educational tool for use by, or under the guidance of, a licensed or registered mental-health professional. It is not a diagnostic instrument or a substitute for clinical judgement. If a client is in crisis in Canada, call or text 9-8-8 or call 9-1-1.
