Case Formulation: The 5 P’s
A clinician template for the 5 P's case formulation model, with space for a plain-language summary and treatment targets, designed for collaborative use with clients.
2-page fillable PDF · US Letter (prints on A4) · Case conceptualization
- Approach / concern
- Clinician Tools
- Technique
- Case conceptualization
- Format
- Fillable PDF, 2 pages (US Letter / A4)
- Access
- Advanced plan
- For
- Licensed clinicians to use with clients
- Updated
- October 2026
Key facts
What is the Case Formulation: The 5 P’s?
The 5 P’s is a transdiagnostic case formulation framework that organizes information into presenting problems and predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating and protective factors. It helps clinicians move beyond diagnosis to an individualized understanding that guides treatment.
Why it works
Case formulation links assessment to intervention and supports individualized care beyond diagnosis (Macneil et al., 2012). Collaborative conceptualization strengthens engagement and helps clients understand their difficulties (Kuyken et al., 2009).
When to use it
- After initial assessment
- Complex or comorbid presentations
- Supervision and case consultation
- Training clinicians in formulation
How to use it in session
- Gather assessment information.
- Complete each P with the client where possible.
- Focus on perpetuating factors to guide intervention.
- Write a plain-language summary.
- Link to treatment targets and revise over time.
Clinician tips
- Include strengths and cultural context in protective factors.
- Keep the summary jargon-free.
- Revisit the formulation when progress stalls.
Worked example
Sharing with clients
Members can download the PDF to print or email, or copy a private client link from the download box. Your client opens the link and downloads the worksheet on any device. No client account is needed, and nothing your client writes is stored on TherapyAid.
Frequently asked questions
Is the 5 P’s model tied to one therapy approach?
No. It is transdiagnostic and can be used with CBT, psychodynamic, systemic and integrative approaches.
Should clients see their formulation?
Ideally yes. Collaborative formulation increases understanding and engagement.
References
Kuyken, W., Padesky, C. A., & Dudley, R. (2009). Collaborative case conceptualization: Working effectively with clients in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Guilford Press.
Macneil, C. A., Hasty, M. K., Conus, P., & Berk, M. (2012). Is diagnosis enough to guide interventions in mental health? Using case formulation in clinical practice. BMC Medicine, 10, 111.
This worksheet is an educational tool for use by, or under the guidance of, a licensed or registered mental-health professional. It is not a diagnostic instrument or a substitute for clinical judgement. If a client is in crisis in Canada, call or text 9-8-8 or call 9-1-1.
